Le Corbusier 성당 건축에 관한 연구 : 롱샹성당과 라 뚜레뜨 수도원의 공간구성 방식을 중심으로

김종화 경기대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

롱샹성당과 라 뚜레뜨 수도원은 1950년부터 1959년 사이에 지어진 작품으로 성당건축사의 분류에 따르면 두 건축물은 바로크 양식 성당건축과 제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이후 성당건축 사이 과도기에 해당하는 시기에 계획되어진 작품이다. 바로크 양식 성당건축은 앵발리드 성당과 같이 정형적인 형태의 성당건축이 대부분이었으나, 르꼬르뷔제의 롱샹성당과 라 뚜레뜨 수도원은 기존의 정형적 틀을 깨고, Le Modulor와 같은 근대적 합리주의를 적용한 작품이다. 라 뚜레뜨 수도원이 완성되고 3년 후에 열린 제 2차 바티칸 공의회에서는 기존의 바로크 양식 성당건축의 틀을 깨고 다양한 재료와 자유롭고 창조적인 형태, 주변의 경관과 조화를 이루며 인간적 스케일의 성당건축이 대두되었다. 본 연구의 진행은 시대별 성당 건축의 특징을 바실리카, 비잔틴, 로마네스크, 고딕, 르네상스, 바로크, 제2차 바티칸 공의회로 나누어 각 시대별 상황과 그 시대별 성당건축의 변화특성에 대해 비교 분석하고, 롱샹성당과 라 뚜레뜨 수도원의 공간구성 방식에 대한 연구과정을 통해 두 성당건축의 특성을 밝히고자 한다.

유권자의 투표성향에 관한 연구

김종화 중앙대학교 1997 국내박사

우리나라 자율관리어업의 제도개선 및 발전방안에 관한 연구

김종화 강원대학교 2009 국내석사

Condition of korea's fisheries have worsen due to increase import of fishery goods, the decrease of fishing village population, the disruption of marine ecosystem as climate change, the indiscriminate over-fishing in 20 years We have compelled to sense of crisis in that the business deterioration at inner and external, over fisheries, could cause the burst of fisheries, by compounding of destruction and migration in fisheries's economy. To get over this total fisheries's crisis, fishermen should make their own effort to get over this difficulty and the system for overcoming at this crisis is the autonomies management in fisheries This paper tried to consider possible measures to stimulate economy in fisheries industry and enhance and improve organism of autonomous management in fisheries, by studying in term of fishery resources management not a fishing village campaign. The autonomous management in fisheries has been important part of government policy in fisheries, for 8 years. But we don't evaluate it's accomplishments and problems objectively so far, and the research is sufficient how we develop the autonomous management in fisheries into a autonomous fishing village campaign. Accordingly, in this paper, I study to improve the fishing town economy by considering accomplishments and problems of autonomous management in fisheries, the feasibility of fishing village campaign, beginning and related-system of autonomous management in fisheries, similar cases in japan.

中學校 技術敎科 敎育課程 國際比較 硏究

김종화 한국교원대학교 1997 국내석사

폐쇄성 內灣에 있어서 物質分散에 미치는 支配的 要因

김종화 釜山大學校 1993 국내박사

라세믹 드러그의 식별을 위한 Cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)를 고정시킨 키랄 지르코니아 마이크로 자성구의 용이한 합성 : Facile Synthesis of Cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) Immobilized Chiral Zirconia Magnetic Microspheres for the Discrimina

김종화 창원대학교 2015 국내석사

Separation of chiral compound is one of the most interesting and challenging tasks because of their identical physical and chemical properties and different behaviors in living system. The magnetic materials with chiral selector on their surface can provide not only magnetic property but also to selectivity for enantiomer. The Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell magnetic materials have not been reported previously for racemates separation. ZrO2 material as inorganic metal oxides has been shown to be most stable at oxide mechanical, thermal and chemical conditions, and shows better physical and chemical properties than other metal oxides. The present research shows core-shell microspheres composition of a Fe3O4 magnetic core and coated by a zirconia shell (Fe3O4@ZrO2) which provide site to graft with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) to gain chiral zirconia magnetic microspheres (CZMMs). As-synthesized CZMMs have been used for the separation of racemic drugs and the results suggest that the CZMMs have ability for enantioseparations. Additionally, the most important thing is that the synthesized CZMMs have shown an excellent recyclability and can be applied for more chiral separations of different kinds of racemates. Keywords: Magnetic materials, Fe3O4@ZrO2 core-shell magnetic microspheres, CDMPC as chiral selector, Separation of racemic drugs.

DGS를 이용한 X대역 전압제어 발진기의 소형화 개발 및 구현

김종화 신라대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

This paper sought to propose a grounded coupled C-type resonator to improve a phase nose characteristic, which is a disadvantage of a high-frequency oscillator, by using a planar type microstrip resonator and improve the phase noise and stability by applying it to an oscillator. Vias were formed at both ends of the pattern of the coupled C-type resonator to make the C-type pattern of the outer part of the two C-type coupled patterns grounded, and a varactor diode was inserted into the resonator to propose a structure where the resonance frequency can be varied by a control voltage. With the use of this characteristic, a voltage controlled oscillator was designed in the 9.8 GHz X-band. In addition, the resonator could be miniaturized by using a defected ground structure (DGS). Advanced Design System (ADS) software from Agilent was used for design of the resonator and oscillator, and High Frequency Structure Software (HFSS), a 3D simulation software developed by Ansoft was used to analyze the resonator miniaturization. A sample was fabricated in the form of Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit (HMIC) using a Taconic's Teflon substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.3, dielectric thickness of 0.7874mm, loss tangent of 0.0009 and metal thickness of 18um, and NEC's NE42484A was used as an active element. The oscillator was designed using a coupled C-type resonator with excellent resonance characteristics and good quality(Q). The proposed oscillator exhibited output of 4.87 dBm at 9.83 GHz, and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that can change the oscillation frequency by controlling voltage was designed by inserting the varactor diode between C lines of the grounded coupled C-type resonator. The voltage controlled oscillator has a tuning range of about 33.8 MHz from a minimum of 9.7807 GHz to a maximum of 9.8145 GHz. It has a tuning range of about 20 MHz if a single varactor diode is inserted between C lines of the coupled C-type resonator and shows a tuning range of about 33.8 MHz if two varactor diodes are inserted. In addition, the manufactured oscillator has phase noise characteristics of –115 ~ -112 dBc/Hz@ 100KHz. In order to miniaturize the proposed resonator, the DGS was designed for a comparison of the size and characteristics with the proposed resonator. The DGS is a structure with a ground plane that is etched in the shape of C at the bottom of the proposed resonator, and the comparison results showed that the size reduction of the coupled C-type resonator using the DGS was about 15% compared with the grounded C-type resonator. Next, the oscillator was manufactured using the DGS resonator. According to the oscillator measurement results, the output of 4.25 dBm was obtained at 9.831 GHz, and the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that can change the oscillation frequency by controlling voltage was designed by inserting the varactor diode between C lines of the grounded coupled C-type resonator. A look at the VCO characteristics revealed that the VCO has a tuning range of about 28.7 MHz from a minimum of 9.7716 GHz to a maximum of 9.8003 GHz. It has a tuning range of about 17.3 MHz if a single varactor diode is inserted between C lines of the coupled C-type resonator and shows a tuning range of about 28.7 MHz if two varactor diodes are inserted. In addition, the manufactured oscillator has phase noise characteristics of –111 ~ -108 dBc/Hz@ 100KHz. It is expected that the oscillator proposed in this paper can be applied to the design of MICs and MMICs due to the miniaturization characteristics and easy working process resulting from a planar structure. 본 논문에서는 평면형 마이크로스트립 공진기를 이용하여 고주파 발진기의 단점인 위상잡음 특성을 개선하기 위해 접지된 결합 C형 공진기를 제안하였고, 이것을 발진기에 적용시켜 위상잡음과 안정도를 개선하였다. 제안된 결합 C형 공진기의 패턴 양 끝단에 Via를 뚫어 두 개의 C형 결합 패턴 중 바깥 부분의 C형 패턴을 접지로 만들었으며, 공진기에 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입하여 제어전압에 의해 공진주파수를 가변시킬 수 있는 구조로 제안하였다. 이와 같은 특성을 이용하여 9.8 GHz X-대역에서 전압제어 발진기를 설계하였다. 또한 제안된 공진기에 DGS (Defected Ground Structure)구조를 이용하여 공진기를 소형화 할 수 있었다. 공진기의 설계 및 발진기의 설계를 하기 위한 소프트웨어로 Agilent사의 ADS (Advanced Design System)를 사용하였고, 공진기의 소형화 해석을 위해 3D 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어인 Ansoft사의 HFSS를 사용하였다. 샘플제작은 유전율 2.3, 유전체두께 0.7874mm, 손실탄젠트 0.0009, 금속 두께 18um인 Taconic사의 Teflon 기판을 사용하여 HMIC(Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit)형태로 제작하였다. 능동소자로는 NEC사의 NE42484A를 사용하였다. 발진기의 공진부는 공진특성과 양호도(Q)가 우수한 결합 C형 공진기를 이용하여 발진기를 설계하였다. 제안된 발진기는 9.83 GHz에서 4.87 dBm의 출력을 나타내었으며 접지된 결합 C형 공진기의 C선로 사이에 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입하여 제어전압에 의해 발진 주파수를 변화 시킬 수 있는 전압제어 발진기(VCO)를 설계하였다. 전압제어 발진기의 특성은 최소 9.7807 GHz에서 최대 9.8145 GHz까지 약 33.8 MHz 정도의 튜닝범위를 가지고 있으며 결합 C형 공진기의 C선로 사이에 1개의 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입할 경우 약 20 MHz 튜닝 범위를 가지며, 2개의 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입할 경우 약 33.8 MHz 튜닝 범위를 가진다. 또한 제작된 발진기는 –115 ∼ -112 dBc/Hz@ 100KHz의 위상잡음 특성을 갖는다. 다음으로 제안된 공진기를 소형화하기 위해 DGS 구조를 설계하여 제안된 공진기와 크기 및 특성을 비교하였다. DGS 구조는 제안된 공진기의 밑면에 C형태의 모양으로 식각된 접지면을 갖는 구조이며 크기를 비교한 결과 DGS를 이용한 결합 C형 공진기가 접지된 결합 C형 공진기에 비해 크기가 약 15%정도 소형화 되었다. 다음으로 DGS 공진기를 사용하여 발진기를 제작하였다. 발진기의 측정결과 9.831 GHz에서 4.25 dBm의 출력을 얻을 수 있었으며 C선로 사이에 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입하여 제어전압에 의해 발진 주파수를 변화 시킬 수 있는 전압제어 발진기(VCO)를 설계하였다. 전압 제어발진기의 특성은 최소 9.7716 GHz에서 최대 9.8003 GHz까지 약 28.7 MHz 정도의 튜닝범위를 가지고 있으며 결합 C형 공진기의 C선로 사이에 1개의 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입할 경우 약 17.3 MHz 튜닝 범위를 가지며, 2개의 버랙터 다이오드를 삽입할 경우 약 28.7MHz 튜닝 범위를 가진다. 또한 제작된 발진기는 –111 ∼ -108 dBc/Hz@ 100KHz의 위상잡음 특성을 갖는다. 본 논문의 발진기는 평면형 구조로 쉬운 작업공정과 소형화 특성 때문에 MIC 또는 MMIC 분야의 설계에 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

비정질 산화물 반도체 박막 트랜지스터에서 전류 스트레스 하에서의 불안정성 메커니즘 분석에 관한 연구

김종화 국민대학교 2016 국내석사

We quantitatively investigated the instability mechanism under a current stress (CS) in the self-aligned (SA) top-gate (TG) amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO) and in the etch-stopper (ES) bottom-gate (BG) amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs). After CS condition (at SA TG a-IZO TFT: VGS=13 V and VDS=13 V and at ES BG a-IGZO TFT: VGS-VT=25 V and VDS=25 V), the threshold voltage shift (VT) of the transfer curve to a negative VGS direction and the increase of on current were observed in both of two type TFTs. In addition, we investigated that the magnitude of VT increased with the increase of a channel width (Wch). In order to quantitatively analyze the CS-induced instability mechanism, we experimentally extracted the density-of-state (DOS) by using multi-frequency capacitance-voltage method (MFM), and then analyzed by comparing the measured data with technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation. As a result, it was identified that the portion of VT of donor-state creation takes up 22% and 15% in both of two type TFTs. However, it was found that the portion of VT of hole trapping takes up 78% in SA TG a-IZO TFTs (Wch x Lch=50 x 10 um^2), and that of electron trapping takes up 85% in ES BG a-IGZO TFTs (Wch x Lch=200 x 50 um^2), respectively. The origin of donor-state and instability mechanism of donor-state creation were the doubly ionized oxygen vacancy and the self-heating accumulation, respectively. In order to analyze the origin of donor-state, we characterized the devices with various oxygen flow rates (OFRs) during the sputtered deposition of the active layer and verified that the origin of donor-state was related to the oxygen vacancy. In addition, to analyze the instability mechanism of self-heating accumulation, we conducted the measurement under a pulsed bias stress, compared it with that under CS, and extracted DOS with a variation of Wch. We verified that the donor-state creation became more strengthened with the increase of Wch, which can be explained well by the self-heating accumulation. To investigate the charge trapping results with opposite polarity, we analyzed the electric field intensity as well as the impact generation rate in two type TFTs through TCAD simulation. In the case of SA TF a-IZO TFTs, the hole trapping into buffer layer was a dominant instability mechanism by a higher impact generation rate and relatively higher vertical electric field at the back interface. On the other hand, in the case of ES BG a-IGZO TFTs, the electron trapping into the gate insulator was a dominant instability mechanism by a relatively higher vertical electric field at the front interface near source. These total instability mechanisms were the temperature-enhanced processes and thus, it can be properly explained the increase of VT by the increase of self-heating accumulation with the increase of Wch. Lastly, all analyzed results were verified by reproducing transfer curves through TCAD simulation. 본 논문에서는 자기정렬 상위게이트 비정질 인듐-아연 산화물 박막 트랜지스터와 에치스토퍼 하위게이트 비정질 인듐-갈륨-아연 산화물 박막 트랜지스터에서, 전류 스트레스 하에서의 불안정성 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 이 불안정성은 문턱전압이 음의 게이트 전압 방향으로 이동하고 전류가 증가하는 것으로 나타난다. 또한, 전류 스트레스 하에서 문턱전압은 채널 폭이 넓을수록 음의 방향으로의 이동이 커진다. 전류 스트레스로 인한 불안정성 메커니즘을 정량적으로 분석하고자, 상태밀도 함수를 추출하였고, 측정 데이터와 시뮬레이션 데이터의 비교를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 자기정렬 상위게이트 인듐-아연 산화물 박막 트랜지스터(채널 폭/채널 길이=50 um/10 um)에서는 도너 상태밀도 함수 생성과 정공 포획으로 인한 문턱전압의 변동이 각각 22% 와 78% 를 차지한다. 에치스토퍼 하위게이트 비정질 인듐-갈륨-아연 산화물 박막 트랜지스터(채널 폭/채널 길이=200 um/50 um)에서는 도너 상태밀도 함수 생성과 전자 유입으로 인한 문턱전압의 변동 성분이 각각 15% 와 85% 를 차지한다. 도너 상태밀도 함수의 근원과 도너 상태밀도 함수 생성의 불안정성 메커니즘은 이중 이온화된 산소 공핍과 자기발열 축적이다. 도너 상태밀도 함수의 근원을 분석하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 산화물 활성층 증착 시 스퍼터링 공정에서의 산소 유량을 다르게 하여 채널 층이 공정된 소자들을 이용하여 전류 스트레스 하에서 문턱전압 변동을 비교하였고, 도너 상태밀도 함수가 산화물 내 산소 공핍과 연관이 있다는 점을 간접적으로 검증하였다. 게다가 자기발열 축적을 분석하기 위해, 펄스 전압 스트레스 측정을 전류 스트레스와 비교하였고, 상태밀도 함수를 채널 폭에 따라 추출하였다. 같은 스트레스 동안 채널 폭이 커짐에 따라 도너 상태밀도 함수 생성이 증가하였고, 도너 상태밀도 함수는 자기발열 축적에 의해 생성된다는 것을 검증하였다. 두 비정질 산화물 반도체 박막 트랜지스터에서 다른 전하 포획의 과정을 분석하기 위해, 전자 충돌 생성률과 전계 강도를 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 자기정렬 상위게이트 비정질 산화물 박막 트랜지스터에서 버퍼층의 정공 유입은 상대적으로 게이트 반대쪽 계면에 강한 수직 전계와 높은 충돌 생성률로 인해 주된 불안정성 메커니즘이 된다. 반면에, 에치스토퍼 하위게이트 비정질 산화물 박막 트랜지스터에서의 게이트 절연층 내 전자 포획은 소스 쪽 게이트 쪽 계면에 강한 수직 전계로 인해 주된 불안정성 메커니즘이 된다. 불안정성 메커니즘인 도너 상태밀도 함수 생성과 전하 유입은 모두 박막 트랜지스터의 내부 온도 증가로 불안정성 영향이 커지고, 내부 온도 증가는 채널 폭과 관련된 자기발열 축적 증가로 인해 증가하고, 이 영향으로 채널 폭에 따른 문턱전압의 불안정성 증가가 설명된다. 모든 분석된 결과는 시뮬레이션을 통해 측정된 전류-전압 그래프를 재현함으로써 검증되었다. 이 연구 결과는 채널 폭에 따른 비정질 산화물 반도체 박막 트랜지스터에서 전류 스트레스 하에서의 불안정성을 정량적으로 특성화 하는데 유용할 것으로 예상된다.

新編張仲景註解傷寒發微論ㆍ卷下에 대한 硏究

김종화 東新大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

The treatment principles and primary formulae is that harmonize construction and defence for the wind strike; open the interstices and promote sweating for the cold damage. The two basic patterns of great yang exterior disease, wid strike and cold damage, are each treated with a basic fomular. For wind strike exterior vacuity patterns, Cinnamon Twig Dedoction(桂枝湯) is used the resolve the fleshy exterior and dispel wind, and harmonize construction and defence. Ephedra Dedoction(麻黃湯) is used in the cold damage exterior repletion patterns to open the interstices and promote sweating, diffuse the lung, calm panting. In yang brightness disease, Capillaris dedoction, Phellodendron dedoction and Ephedra forsythia rice bean dedoction treat generallized yellowing yellow inhibited urination, absence of sweating, thirst, and abdominal fullness. Basic lesser yang disease pattern with bitter taste in the mouse dry throat dizzy vision alternating aversion to cold and heat effusion chest and rib-side fullness taciturnity with no desire to eat heart vexation frequent retching and pulse that is fine and stringlike treat with Minor bupleurum dedoction. Three yin disease should be treated by warming the spleen and drying dampness, requiring urgent warming, using formulae such as Center-rectifying dedoction, Aconite dedoction and Counterflow cold dedoction.

MFL 신호분석을 통한 지하 매설 배관의 결함추출 성능 개선

김종화 慶北大學校 2012 국내박사

Underground gas pipelines more than a million kilometers are being used throughout the world. Accordingly, the management of the gas pipeline and the stability of the gas supplies are important issues. Underground gas pipeline generally has corrosion and deformation due to the natural causes and construction, etc. If the pipeline continues to be deteriorated, it causes the pipeline destruction and may result in major disaster. Therefore, periodic pipeline inspection is essential. Currently, most of the gas pipeline in the world are checked manually by experts. As a specialist is dedicated to the hundreds of miles of pipeline, it takes a lot of time to inspect. Therefore, the development of automatic defect inspection system is actively taking place to reduce the time it takes to inspect pipeline. Non-destructive testing is suitable for the inspection as the pipeline is buried under the ground. The most widely used non-destructive testing technologies are penetrant testing, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing. Among them, penetrant testing and eddy current testing can be applied only in the inside the pipeline. Radiographic testing can be applied to the pipeline of the same thickness. And ultrasonic testing is so weak in water that it is not suitable for the underground gas pipeline. As most of the damage is formed on the outside of underground pipeline than inside, the MFL inspection using pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) is suitable. The MFL testing uses PIG that moves along the pipeline while collecting the information to be used in determination of defect existence and corrosion by sensing the MFL signal variation. The required performance of defect detection is set at international standards in POF (pipeline operators forum) and NACE (national association of corrosion engineers). Defects over length 3t (mm) × width 3t(mm) × depth 10% should be detected without fail with the maximum permissible depth error of ±10% where t is the thickness of the pipeline. A lot of researches has been made to increase the accuracy of defect’s depth estimation for reducing the replacing cost of defective pipeline. The sensing signal from MFL PIG has noise and sensor bias due to the mechanical and electrical impact in situation of high-pressure gas pipeline. Also, it is nonlinear and distorted by several environmental causes. Those causes make it difficult to detect defects and to estimate the defect’s size. In this paper, several causes that affects the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal are analyzed through the experiment for the various artificial defects of the KoGas pipeline simulation facility (KPSF). To enhance the defect extraction performance, several length and width estimation algorithms are tested and analyzed to search for the good combination of length and width estimation that result in good defect’s depth estimation. To estimate the depth information, the linear regression model is made from the relational information among the magnitude of magnetic flux leakage, it’s compensation factor, length, width, depth information of the defects. Three length estimation algorithms and three depth estimation algorithms are tested and total nine combination of length/depth estimation are used to estimate the defect’s depth. In defect’s length estimation, the method that uses axial SQI signal shows best performance with average error of 5.6mm. In defect’s width estimation, the method that uses radial wavelet-transformed signal shows best performance with average error of 11.64mm. The average error of width estimation is nearly two times of length’s. This is because of the blooming effects of axial signal in width direction and Hall sensor interval difference, etc. Among 9 combination cases, AT/RW combination shows the best result with the average depth estimation error of 9.98mm. As future work, some research for enhancing the width estimation performance is needed. And this research is made with artificial defects carved on pipeline, but the real defects formed on the pipeline are diverse and several defects generally occurs compositely. So additional research that deals with real pipeline defects are needed.