신경망을 이용한 대부하 표적지향 시스템 제어에 관한 연구

김병운 忠南大學校 大學院 2004 국내박사

This thesis proposes neural network based pointing control of a heavy load system. The PI controllers are being widely used in industrial application because of their simplicity, inexpensiveness, and excellent performance. However, the requirement for control precision become higher and higher, as well as the plants become more and more complex. In order to achieve the satisfying control performance, we have to consider the affection of nonlinear factors contained in the plant. In this thesis feedback-error-learning method and neural-PI method were proposed as a controller to enhance the pointing accuracy. The feedback-error-learning control scheme consists of a feedforward neural network and a traditional PI controller. The neural network loop is added onto the traditional control loop, without affect the original control design. This neural network is trained so as to make the output of a feedback controller zero. The neural-PI control scheme consists of a gain tuning neural network and a variable gain PI controller. The neural network is trained so as to make the error between the plant output and reference signal zero. Also the mathematical model was developed to analyze heavy load pointing system and to design pointing controllers. Through the experiment, the mathematical model was verified. The proposed controllers were applied to the heavy load pointing system, and compared with the existing controller through simulation. The results show that the pointing accuracy of the proposed control scheme were improved against the disturbance induced by vehicle running on the bump courses.

우리나라 排出賦課金制度 運用現況과 改善方向 : 大氣汚染物質과 廢水를 中心으로

김병운 朝鮮大學校 大學院 1995 국내석사

The rapid industrialzation since 1970 in Korea has developed our economy in sides of quality and quantity. but, in an adverse effect, it results in enviroment problems seriously in a society. Thus, to reduce this added enviromental pollution due to the emission of air pollution and the waste water, the goverment has managed the effluent charge system since 1983. But effluent charge system has included of lots of problems in the process of excuting it,. The points at issue at present management condition of effluent charge system are as follows; First, it is so scattering to impose to effluent charge for eliminating environmental pollution emssion, which results in low effluent charge benefits. Second, there are many problems in the procedure of progressive expenses of effluent charge related to cost-benefit analysis. Third, it tends to adminstrative regulation at present effluent charge system, but it is opposite that original effluent charge system tends to a expenses of quantity with a economic incentive. Fourth. economic actors don't so much concern about evironmental pollution. To improve lots of problems in a procedure of effulent charge system, several suggestions in short and long run are made as follows; First, in short run, the effluent charge must be imposed on the cost for eliminating pollution materials. Second, there is a calculation of the best suitable efflent charge, in fact, it is difficult to calculate the suitable rate for effluent charge. Thus, it needs enough collection of information and technic to improve this kind of problem. Third, economic actors must actively participate in efforts of getting rid of enviromental pollution emmsion. First, in a long run, to improve effluent charge system, we must fix principles that polluter pays. Second, we must transform permissible emission criterion into the regulation of total amount of pollutants. Third, there is introduction of pollution right. Fourth, there is an arrangement at present management condition of effluent charge system. Above all, it is so important that economic actors take part in efforts to improve the problems of effluent charge system.

國民醫療費의 決定要因에 관한 硏究 : OECD 國家들을 中心으로

김병운 朝鮮大學校 大學院 2000 국내박사

National health expenditures has been continuously increasing due to economic growth and changes in population structures. According to OECD statistics, the annual average growth rate of national health expenditures is about 5.22 percent for the period of 1970 to 1995, this is higher than the increase in national average income. The ratio of national health expenditure to GDP has also been increaseing from 5.03 percent· in 1970 to 7.78 percent in 1997. Most notably, the national health expenditures in Korea has been increasing dramatically; the annual average growth rate is 14.41 percent, which is much higher than any other country; the ratio of national health expenditures to GDP also has been radically increasing from 2.34 percent in 1970 to 6.01 percent in 1997. It is natural to assume that these increasing trends in national health expenditures will continue as long as economy grows in the next millennium. At this point, it is essential to analyze the impact of income growth and the changes in the population structure on national health expenditures. The analysis of national health expenditures is important because it is related to the efficient distribution of resources. And health insurance could be thought as a quasi-tax. In this regard, this paper attempts to empirically analyze the determinants of national health expenditures of OECD countries. In this thesis, cross-sectional data of the selected 12 years and time-series data of nine different countries are used. The data of national health expenditures, national incomes, and the ratio of seniors in the population were obtained from the OECD health data file and KOSIS. This paper studies the impact of national income and the ratio of seniors on national health expenditures. In the cross-sectional analysis, we estimate the correlation coefficients of national health expenditures, national income, and the ratio of seniors. In all the 12 years, we found a significant log-linear relationship between national health expenditures and national income. On the other hand, it is impossible to find any positive relationship between national health expenditure and the ratio of seniors in the population, and between national income and the ratio of seniors in the population. We also regress national health expenditures on national income and the ratios of seniors in log-linear form in all 12 selected years, the estimation results are satisfactory; the estimated coefficients are significant; the adjusted R-square is close to 1; and Durbin-Watson statistic is close to 2. The estimated coefficients of national income ranges from 0.858 in 1970 year to 0.977 in 1984, which implies that the income elasticity of national health expenditures is close to one. The estimated coefficients on the ratio of seniors; however, showed a reversed U pattern. In the time-series analysis, the estimated correlation coefficients of national health expenditures, national incomes, and the ratio of seniors are different from those of the cross-sectional analysis. The correlation coefficients of national health expenditures and national incomes show significant log-linear relations in nine countries except for Denmark. The correlation coefficients of national incomes and the ratios of seniors are positive, furthermore, these are significant in seven countries except for Austria and France. This implies that the regression using time-series data might have problems of multi-collinearity, autocorrelation, and spurious regression. In this regard, we estimated the national incomes and the ratios of seniors elasticities in national health expenditures using a simple regression model. The highest national income elasticity is 2.62 in the United States, and the lowest one is 1.53 in Korea. In order to prevent the underlying spurious regression problems, we apply The Dickey-Fuller unit root test on the three variables; national health expenditures, national incomes, and the ratios of seniors in nine countries. In the unit root test, the null hypothesis of the unit root is rejected in all levels variables, but accepted in all the first-differenced variables. That is why, the causality test, the co-integration test, and variance decomposition from the VAR model are done using the first-differenced variables. We set up four models for the causality test, and discovered three causal relations in the United States, but causal relations could be not found for Sweden. In Korea, we found a causal relation between the national income and national health expenditures. In the co-integration test for seven countries, we found co-integration relationships between national incomes and national health expenditures in Korea, the United Stales, and Netherlands. And co-integration relations between national health expenditures and the ratios of seniors were found only in Denmark and France. The results of the variance decomposition of national health expenditures forecasting errors from The Three Variable VAR Model show that the national health expenditures of each country is mainly explained by the shock of national health expenditure. The shock of national health expenditures in France and in the United States is 93.41 and 85.7 percent, respectively, in the forecasted horizon of 8 years. In the case of Korea, the shock of national health expenditure is expected to be 65.31 percent of the national health expenditure. Thus, the movement of national health expenditures could be relatively exogenous compared to any other macro-economic variables. In this paper, we estimate the correlation coefficients as well as the elasticities in order to find the determinants of national health expenditures using the data of OECD countries. In this paper; however, there were limitations because of limited data available for cross-section and time series tests. And other factors influencing national health expenditure like the medical market are not analyzed because the data is not available. Therefore, it is vital to get this data in the near future so that study in this field could be more rigorous. We will leave these tasks for future research.

國防情報化와 國防政策 硏究 : 韓國 C4I體系 建設을 中心으로

김병운 東國大學校 行政大學院 1998 국내석사

This study is a study for construction of Korean-style C4I system in readiness to future war as a part of national defense iformationalization and national defense policy and is the project our armed forces have been promoted since early part of 1980. The aspect of future warfare in 21st century develops in the style of new information warfare based upon information and expertise. The joint C4I system build-up by our armed forces is to carry out the war and to lead victory as our intended way as to assure our informational capability and information flow as destroying or paralyzing the information flow of the counterpart. In order to carry out such informational warfare a great unovation in the all current military fields must be brought. For this point I presented as policy alternative in the foregoing chapters. I could be able to reach to the following conclusion for the construction plan for enhancement in efficiency subject to construction of C4I system by our armed forces in this study. 1) Under the joint C4I system construction, the office automation, data-base utilization and increase in electronic warfare capability of the armed forces will be made and the efficiency in the military power will be enhanced by all the activities are scientificated. 2) The C4I system which is under construction by each armed forces now must be uniformly adjusted and coordinated. This is cubic and all out joint operation and because of which may bring optimal operational effects. 3) The C4I system construction has to be developed by model meets with peripheral situation of Korean peninsula and our circumstance. This is because we ye to carry out the operation independently when we te over the operational control in the Korean peninsula from the ROK-US Unified Command in the future. 4) The C4I system must be constructed so that it may be utilizable even after the unification of Korean peninsula. Even after unification of the Korean peninsula the information-alization in the national defense and the national defense policy will be continued. Since therefore, it has to be developed with an appreciative eyes so that may be able to apply even though the defense environment bring changes.

韓國型 豫備選擧制度에 關한 硏究 : 제16대 대통령후보 선출사례를 중심으로

김병운 京畿大學校 政治專門大學院 2002 국내석사

일차방정식 문제 해결에서 나타나는 오류 분석 및 지도 방안

김병운 목포대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

<국문초록> 본 연구는 중학교 1학년 학생들의 일차방정식 문제 해결과정에서 범하는 오류 유형을 분석하여, 학업성취도를 높이고 수학학습에 대한 흥미와 자신감을 가지게 하는 지도 방법을 찾아 실행한 후 그 결과를 분석, 연구하였다. <Abstract> The purpose of this thesis is analyzing patterns of error that students make in solving a linear equation in order to increase learning achievement. The thesis also includes an examination and analysis pf teaching method for students to have interest and confidence in learning math.

지방자치단체에서의 환경정책에 관한 연구 : 개별환경법령에 의한 환경조례제정을 중심으로

김병운 고려대학교 법무대학원 2006 국내석사

개별환경법령에 위임된 환경조례의 제정과 관련하여 지방자치단체에서의 환경관련조례의 문제점을 도출하고 해결을 위한 개선방안으로 지방자치단체에 대한 입법제안권의 부여 및 입법과정의 참여보장, 법률유보원칙을 규정하여 조례제정권을 제한하여 위헌성이 높다고 주장되고 있는 지방자치법 제15조 단서조항의 한정적 적용, 개별환경법에 의한 환경조례제정권의 위임범위 확대, 전국최저기준입법, 대강입법방식의 도입 및 표준조례안 제정 공표, 그리고 지방의회의 전문위원의 전문성 강화, 주민참여의 활성화를 통한 조례입법의 추진 등을 제시하였다.

中國語圈 學習者를 위한 韓國語 敎育 硏究

김병운 忠南大學校 大學院 2009 국내박사

The study was directed against the Korean learners in China, primary for the regular undergraduate students - primary learners’ voice, vocabulary, grammar, and teaching problems as the center, effectively laid a theoretical foundation for Korean teaching. The effective teaching method is explored based on this research, and the following research methods were adopted to check the effectiveness of the teaching methods. To improve the quality of Korean education, the underway Korean language studies should based on sophisticated exploration and analysis to find out the problems which effect the quality improving. For this purpose, characteristic analysis of the employment options and changes of recent Korean graduates in some Chinese universities was introduced in Chapter 2. Secondly, based on the education analysis of the whole of China-based Korean education, discuss the current main problem on the Korean education in China. After comprehensive analysis of the problem, the Korean language education is divided into the pronunciation education, vocabulary, and grammar teaching. Moreover, to maximize improvement the Korean teaching, the corresponding countermeasures and detailed program were developed. Chapter 3 includes the pronunciation analysis of the Korean learners in China, as well as observation the specific issues appeared in pronunciation education based on the teaching materials. The most important parts are pronunciation education, stage set up the program, and pronunciation education and training. This section based on these conditions to explore a set of detailed programs and new teaching methods. Similarly it also observed the practical conflict problems encountered in the Korean language teaching - Korean "standard Mandarin pronunciation" and incompatible with the phenomenon of the actual pronunciation. Native Koreans are speaking Korean language from a young age and not feel difference deeply "standard pronunciation" with actual pronunciation, but the professors who teaching Korean foreign language distressed for these differences. The linguistic root of the problem is the development and changes of the Korean language. As soon as possible to adapt with the actual pronunciation, transfer it into the correct language norms, it is necessary not only to correct the present "standard pronunciation method" but also using "standard pronunciation" in the South Korea teaching as a benchmark. In Chapter 4, mainly using <standard Korean> <Korean> <primary teaching materials" as a teaching materials which were widely used for the Korean major in most Chinese universities. Based on the simple analysis of the current status of vocabulary teaching and with vocabulary teaching as the center, a reasonable put forward to improve the correct direction of the vocabulary teaching, appropriate vocabulary, vocabulary range of selected conditions, vocabulary frequency of occurrence and so on. This chapter also analysis the main problem of vocabulary teaching in the vocabulary part, the vocabulary meaning of teaching methods, and then put forward an effective method and concrete implementation to resolve these issues. In Chapter 5, first of all, in grammar teaching, analysis and based on the situation of the current situation of teaching grammar and grammar sort items, summed up what is the critical issue and how to resolve these issues. particularly, in the Korean language grammar learning and teaching, the main part of the problem is a grammar project selection and sort order, grammar terminology, Korea-Chinese in translation, passive grammar and initiative syntax education, trial education, the end of the phrase education, the negative method education. Also including the often confuse the assistance term when the Korean students learn in grammar, that is, the mutual sense of the differences the performance of the grant intended word (- here), (- all), (- even). skill differences are mentioned earlier part of the issue, in view of such differences, through the use of comparative analysis, trying to find out a proper understanding of the meaning of grants, as well as the use of the word. So far on the basis of theoretical study of grammar education and the proposed study, bring forward the scheme to improve the grammar education programs, and a series of grammar teaching methods. This study was aimed at Korean learners in China, mainly in the Korean language major framework, taking the pronunciation education, vocabulary education, grammar education as the center to bring forward the Korean education theory and the feasibility teaching methods, put forward a relatively more effective educational method. This study referred the Korean language education method will be addressed to the reality of Korean educators to provide a good reference and guide to the role. Key words: Korean education in China, pronunciation education, vocabulary education, grammar education, principle of Korean education, effective teaching method

온·오프라인 구독서비스 이용과 선택이 지속이용에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김병운 대전대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내박사

4차 산업혁명 시대의 비즈니스 환경은 많은 변화를 초래하고 있다. 경제주체인 기업은 제품과 서비스의 목표 고객층에 대한 변화를 시도하고 있는 데 중·장년층 보다는 MZ세대라 불리우는 20∼30대 층을 대상으로 집중적인 매출향상 노력을 진행해 왔다. 이처럼 경제의 중심축으로 떠오른 MZ세대는 집단보다는 개인의 행복을 중요시 하며 소유보다는 공유의 방식을 더 선호하는 특징을 보이고 있다. 이런 MZ세대의 소비행태에 소유보다는 공유라는 소비행태가 더해져 기업은 MZ세대의 소비 촉진을 위한 방법론으로 또 기성세대와의 차별화된 소비트렌드로 구독경제가 현실적인 대안으로 등장하고 있다. 본 연구는 우라나라 구독경제 현황을 분석하고 구독서비스로 비즈니스 모델을 혁신하기 위한 기업들에게 선택과 집중의 전략적 접근을 통해 구독경제가 무엇인지를 정의하고 우리나라 실정에 맞는 구독서비스라는 새로운 기회를 선점하기 위한 방법을 제시해 보고자 한다. 또한 우리나라에서 현재 구독서비스는 온라인과 오프라인에서 어떤 모습으로 나타나고 있는지, 또 구독서비스를 이용하는 데 어떤 점을 중요하게 생각하는지, 그리고 지속적인 구독서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 무엇인지를 종합적으로 분석하는 일은 구독경제로의 혁신을 꾀하는 기업들에게 의미있는 일이 될 것이다. 이런 연구 과정안에서 성별 및 연령에 따른 요인으로 세분화하면 구독경제라는 전체와 부분을 아우르는 연구결과 도출을 통해 다양한 분야의 많은 연구자들에게 연구 아이디어를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 이런 연구목표를 달성하기 위해 먼저 문헌연구를 시행하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 기존에 수행되었던 연구들을 분석하여 본 연구의 방향성 결정과 연구모형 도출에 활용하였다. 독립변수로 온라인 구독서비스와 온프라인 구독서비스를 설정하고 소비자들이 구독서비스의 이용형태에 관한 자료를 정리하였다. 매개변수는 구독서비스 선택요인으로 이용요금 합리성, 이용방법 편리성, 이용상담 친절성, 결제방식 다양성 및 부가서비스 우수성의 5가지 요인을 들고 구독서비스 이용과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 끝으로 독립변수로 지속이용을 선택하고 구독서비스 선택요인과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 이런 연구과정 성별과 연령은 구독서비스 이용과 구독서비스 선택에 영향을 미칠것으로 판단하여 조절변수로 선택하여 연구를 진행하였다. 각 변수들에 해당하는 요인들은 기존의 선행연구 분석으로 통해 도출하였고 이를 통해 연구모형과 연구가설을 설정하고 설문항목으로 개발하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 연구를 위한 설문은 2021년 6월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 본 조사는 30일간 총 300부의 설문지를 배포하여 250부를 회수하였다. 이중 무응답, 불성실 답변을 제외하고 총 215부를 연구모형 검정에 사용하였고 분석을 위한 통계 프로그램은 SPSS 23.0 및 AMOS 23.0을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 온라인 구독서비스는 이용상담 친절성 및 결제방식 다양성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 오프라인 구독서비스는 이용요금 합리성, 이용상담 친절성, 결제방식 다양성 및 부가서비스 우수성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구독서비스선택요인은 지속이용에 이용요금 합리성, 이용상담 친절성, 결제방식 다양성 및 부가서비스우수성이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 20대∼30대 MZ새대는 온라인 구독서비스 이용이 능숙한 세대이므로 구독서비스 이용에 비용지불을 당연한 것으로 생각하고 있었다. 또한 컴퓨터 및 스마트폰 등의 기기사용에 능숙하기에 이용의 불편함은 느끼지 않았으며 이용요금보다는 이용요금 지불방법의 다양성에 더 많은 관심이 있었다. 특히 구독서비스 이용에 필요한 온라인 및 오프라인 상담에서 친절한 상담, 정확한 상담에 더 많은 관심이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 오프라인 구독서비스는 온라인 구독서비스와 달리 이용요금, 상담의 친절성, 결제방식 다양성 및 부가서비스 우수성 등 여러 요인들이 구독서비스 선택에 복합적으로 작용하고 있었다. 셋째, 지속이용에는 요금합리성, 상담친절성, 결제방식 다양성 및 부가서비스 우수성 요인들이 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 남성과 여성 모두 온라인 구독서비스의 이용방법과 요금정잭, 편리성 등에서 만족하고 있었다. 다섯째, 20대와 30대의 온라인 구독서비스 이용에 다른 성향을 보이고 있었다. 온라인 구독서비스에 있어 20대 보다는 경제적 여유가 있는 30대는 결제방식의 다양성에 민감하게 반응을 보였다. 본 연구는 구독서비스가 새로운 비즈니스모델로서 가능성이 제시된 시기가 얼마되지 않아 연구결과를 객관화 하기 힘들다는 점, MZ세대의 특성이 정확히 연구되지 않는 상황하에서 본 연구의 결과만으로 구독서비스 기업들의 매출증대를 위한 마케팅의 이론으로 선정하기에는 아직 명확하지 않다는 점은 본 연구가 안고 있는 한계점이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 새로운 비즈니스 모델로 각광받고 있는 구독서비스에 대한 발전된 기업의 선택과 집중에 필요한 이론적 근거를 제시함에 그 의의가 있으며 본 연구결과는 미래 시장을 선점하는 기회로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

분배기 및 플렉시블에어호스를 이용한 환기용 덕트시스템의 적용성 검토

김병운 동아대학교 산업정보대학원 2010 국내석사

최근 2003년 이후로 시작된 주택 내 실내환경에 대한 관심은 2004년 다중이용시설에 대한 실내공기질관리법의 시행과 sick-house syndrome 및 well-being에 대한 국민적 관심의 고조와 더불어 사회적인 이슈로 자리 잡게 되었다. 이에 2006년 이후 신축되는 공동주택에는 실내공기환경 개선을 위한 환기설비의 설치가 의무화 되었으며, 현재 일반적으로 1종의 강제 급․배기 기계환기장치가 적용되고 있고, 일부 창문 등에 자연환기구를 설치하는 자연환기장치 등이 적용되고 있다. 하지만 기계환기 방식은 각 실로 공기를 공급하기 위해서 환기용 덕트의 경로가 현실적으로 필요하다. 2004년 11월 국회에서 주택법 개정안이 통과되었고 2005년 1월 소방법의 적용으로 인해 11층 이상 공동주택의 전층에 대해 스프링클러 설치가 의무화되면서 일정 높이의 천장공간이 확보되어, 현재 이 공간을 환기덕트의 공간으로 활용하고 있다. 국내의 경우 경제적인 측면에서 층고를 2,800mm~2,950mm 이하로 제한하고 있어 실질적인 천장공간은 170mm~320mm 이내로 한정되어 있다. 따라서 이 공간내에 환기용 덕트와 스프링클러를 동시에 설치하기 위해 여러 가지 방안이 시도되고 있으며, 현실적으로는 압력손실 증가의 우려가 있음에도 플랫덕트(flat duct)를 많이 적용하고 있다. 이러한 플랫덕트를 사용하여 각 실로 덕트 설계를 할 경우 스프링클러 등을 피해 각 실에 설치되기까지의 덕트 길이가 상당히 길어질 수밖에 없어 시공성, 효율성 및 경제성의 측면에서 불리함이 현실적인 문제로 남아 있다. 본 연구에서는 유량조절형 분배기와 플렉시블에어호스를 이용해 저정압의 설치성이 증대된 주거용 환기 덕트시스템을 제안하기 위해 CFD시뮬레이션을 이용한 분배기 설계 및 플렉시블에어호스의 실험을 통한 검토를 실시하여 최적의 주거용 덕트시스템을 도출하고자 한다. The recent indoor air quality problem in a newly-built apartment house is resulted from the improvement of airtightness performance and the use of the building material contained harmful chemical substances. As a result, these cause indoor air quality gradually to become worse and the harmful effect on occupant health called Sick House Syndrome. So recently, the instruction of the house ventilation system was necessary because of the recent construction trend and the legal ventilation frequency 0.7 point inside the house of common. Accurate information on the pressure loss characteristic of applied duct and fitting should be provided for design of ventilation system. And it is important to develop an efficient way of duct in limited ceiling space. The purpose of this study are to understand the pressure loss characteristic generated by duct and fitting which are used in house ventilation system by the mock-up test, and is to secure database for optimum design of house ventilation system. According to comparison between original ventilation duct system and unified ventilation duct system by network simulation and experiment, it is estimated to application possibility of house ventilation duct system.