항우울제에 의한 TRPC6 채널의 조절

최영훈 연세대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

TRPC6 이온채널은 canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 계열에 속하는 칼슘 투과도를 지닌 비선택적 양이온 채널로서 G-단백질 연결 수용체 또는 tyrosine kinase 수용체의 활성을 통해 PLC-의존성 기전을 통하여 자극된다. TRPC6는 혈관 내피 성장요인조절을 통한 혈관생성, 혈관 평활근 세포의 수축 및 심장 비대에 주요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 알려진다. 항우울제는 여러 가지 조직에 발현되어 있는 다양한 이온 채널에 억제효과를 나타내며 특히 심혈관계에 많은 부작용을 초래하는 것으로 보고된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인체에서 유래된 TRPC6을 STIM1(stromal interaction molecule 1) 및 M3 수용체(muscarinic receptor type 3)와 함께 HEK293세포에 과 발현시킨 후 전세포 및 단일 이온채널 패치클램프 방법으로 항우울제의 영향을 알아보았다. 세포 내 GTPγs를 주입 또는 M3 무스카린 수용체 자극을 통해 TRPC6 전류를 활성화 시키고, 이에 대한 항우울제의 억제효과를 전류 전압곡선에서 확인하였다. 개열별 다양한 종류의 항우울제는 TRPC6 이온채널 활성 전류를 억제하며 농도-의존 곡선을 통한 IC50의 (logM)농도는 다음과 같았다. Venlafaxine(SNRI); -4.99±0.03, fluoxetine(SSRI); -4.94±0.02, amitriptyline (TCA); -4.84±0.02, bupropion(NDRI); -4.81±0.03, trazodone(SRI); -4.58±0.01. Fluoxetine 은 GTPγs 유발성 최대 전류에 있어 농도-의존적으로 억제효과를 나타내었으나 M3 수용체 활성을 통한 TRPC6 이온 채널의 개방 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 위의 실험결과로 미루어 다양한 종류의 항우울제가 TRPC6 이온채널을 직접적으로 억제하는 효과를 갖는 것으로 생각된다.

12주간의 산림걷기 운동이 중년여성의 기능적 체력, 자기효능감, 스트레스에 미치는 영향

이재순 충북대학교 2016 국내석사

This study aims to investigate the effect of 12-weeks Forest Walking on functional fitness, self-efficacy, and stress in the middle-aged women. There were two groups: Forest Walking group(n=11, 53.9±2.69) and Ground Walking group(n=9, 55.5±1.84). The subjects were asked to participate in Forest Walking program or Ground Walking program(3 times/week, 80min/day) for 12 weeks. The subjects were tested on functional fitness(strength, endurance, agility/balance, BMI) and psychological variables(self-efficacy and stress) at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and independent t-test and repeated ANOVA were used. After 12-weeks walking program each other, the result of this study were as follow: First, Forest Walking group was significantly more improved than Ground Walking group on functional fitness(lower-body muscular strength, lower-body flexibility, mobility, cardiorespiratory endurance) after 12-weeks exercise program. But both groups showed equally improvements on functional fitness(lower-body muscular strength, upper and lower-body flexibility, agility-balance, cardiorespiratory endurance). However, both group did not show any difference on upper-body muscular strength and BMI after 12-weeks exercise program. Second, Forest Walking group was significantly more improved than Ground Walking group on self-efficacy, and the tension, depression and total score of stress after 12-weeks exercise program. However, though both groups showed an improvement on somatization and fatigue of stress, they did not show any difference on anger, aggression and frustration of stress after 12-weeks walking program. Therefore, this study may suggest that Forest Walking exercise with gravity-worked and nature environment improves efficiently on functional fitness(lower-body muscular strength, upper and lower-body flexibility, agility-balance, cardiorespiratory endurance) and psychological variables(self-efficacy, and tension and depression of stress) in the middle-aged women, and further becomes an effective exercise method that improves quality of life for them.

중·고등학교 인라인스케이트 선수들의 경기 중 발생하는 스트레스에 따른 대처방안

장규성 충북대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and relationship in the ways coping with stress during a game according to individual characteristics(gender, by school level, whether or not winning a prize) in middle and high school inline skating players. For that purpose, data was collected through questionnaire targeting 168 middle and high school inline skating players. To figure out players' individual characteristics(gender, by school level, experience of winning a prize), frequency analysis was conducted. To verify the average difference among each factors(individual characteristic, stress cause and coping plan during the game), t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted. In addition, to analyze which influence the players' stress during a game has upon coping ways, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were executed. The results of this study were summarized as follows: First, female players showed higher stress level than male players. In coping with stress, male players showed positively higher stress coping level compared to female players. Second, high school students showed higher stress level than middle school students. Even in coping with stress, the former was indicated to have positively higher stress coping level than the latter. Third, the players who had ever won prizes at competitions, showed higher stress level. Even in coping with stress, the players who got excellent results had positively higher stress coping level than the players without having any prize. Finally, as a result of analyzing the influences of stress factors during a game upon coping ways factors, there was a significant correlation between them. In respect of avoidance coping factor, the factors like game operation, coach's feedback, and troubles during a game among stress factors had significant influences on the coping factor. As for coping factors like remembering positive experiences and the assistance of people around players, factors like game maladjustment, game management, and coach's feedback had significant influences on the coping factors. In emotion-centered coping factor, game-operation factor had significant influences on the coping factor. Regarding problem-oriented coping factor, game-operation and coach's feedback factors had negative influences on the coping factor. Putting together the above findings, middle and high school inline skating players' stress during a game had great influences on the ways to cope with the stress. Accordingly, when inline skating players' stress factors during a game are correctly classified and the reasonable ways to cope with stress are designed and provided, the players are able to perceive stress factors for themselves, to cope with them independently, and to enhance their performance.

산림지형별 운동프로그램과 피톤치드가 중년 여성의 BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF에 미치는 영향

신민자 충북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사

This study aims to investigate how the exercise intensity and the Phytoncide in the air affect Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the neurotrophic factors of the middle-aged woman according to the inclination of ground and forest. Participants in the study were divided into 3 types of exercise program. Ⅰ Type group( ground, low level of Phytoncide); 60% HRR, Ⅱ Type group(low forest slope, high level of Phytoncide); 60% HRR, Ⅲ Type group(middle forest slope, general level of Phytoncide); 80% HRR were ordered to exercise for 110 minutes 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The blood samples of all the study participants were taken after having a grand rest both before and after 12-weeks exercise program and then the changes of neurotrophic factors were analyzed. After finding the mean and standard deviation, independent T-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data and Scheffe as a post analysis was also conducted. The bottom line is as follows. First, BDNF in Ⅲ type group increased significantly comparing with both Ⅰ type and Ⅱ type group. However there were no significant difference between Ⅰ type and Ⅱ type group. Second, IGF-1 in Ⅱ type group increased significantly comparing with Ⅰ type and Ⅲ type group. However there were no significant difference between Ⅰ type and Ⅲ type group. Third, VEGF in Ⅱ type group increased significantly comparing with Ⅰ type and Ⅲ type group. Ⅰ type and Ⅲ type group decreased but there were no significant difference between Ⅰ type and Ⅲ type group. The Results described that the exercise program in middle slope under 80% HRR is effective on BDNF through the exercise program for 12 weeks according to the terrain and the exercise program in low slope with high level of Phytoncide under HRR 60% were effective on both IGF-1 and VEGF which are important growth factors in angiogenesis. Therefore, it is determined that neurotrophic factor is influenced by the exercise according to the forest gradient and phytoncide. Further more, even though there is not high forest slope walking exercise in moderate forest gradient and the environment phytoncide can improve cognitive function enhancing neurotrophic factor in blood of ordinary person.

산림 걷기 운동 프로그램이 중년여성의 건강관련 체력과 기능적 움직임에 미치는 영향

유사라 충북대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of forest or ground walking exercise on the health-related fitness and functional movements of middle-aged women. For those purposes, the subjects were divided into two groups: the forest walking group(n=7) and the ground walking group(n=7), both of which participated in an 80-minute exercise session three times per week for ten weeks. Variables were measured before and after the ten-week exercise program. Collected data were treated with the SPSS PC version 18.0 statistical program for Windows by obtaining the mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) of each variable and conducting a paired t-test. The findings were as follows. First, Forest walking exercise had more positive effects on cardiovascular endurance, extensor strength of the right knee joint and the flexor strength of the left knee joint, extensor endurance of the right and left knee joint, flexibility, fat mass than ground walking exercise. Second, however, there were no difference between two groups on extensor strength of the left knee joint and the flexor strength of the right knee joint, flexor endurance of the right and left knee joint, %fat. Third, Forest walking exercise had more positive effects on inline lunge and rotary stability in functional movement screen. Fourth, however, there were no difference between two groups on Deep Squat, Huddle Step, Shoulder Mobility, Straight Leg Raise, Push-up in functional movement screen. Those findings suggest that forest walking exercise may be a more effective exercise plan for the health-related fitness and functional movements of middle-aged women.

10주간 수중 운동이 60대 여성의 기능적 동작과 기능적 체력에 미치는 영향

추재호 충북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to the influence of aquatic exercise on functional movement and functional fitness of women in their 60's. 16 women in their 60's were divided into 2 groups and then were allowed to take 10-week aquatic exercise(n=8, 63.50±3.20) and aerobic dance exercise(n=8, 63.87±2.58). All subjects were carried out the functional movement screen and the functional fitness screen over the pre-post exercise for 10 weeks. Data processing was made with paired t-test. The results of the study were as follows. First, regarding lower body strength among the changes in muscle strength, both aquatic exercise group and aerobic dance exercise group showed significant improvements. Second, as for upper body strength among the changes in muscle strength, the only aquatic exercise group showed significant improvements. Third, in cardiovascular endurance, both aquatic exercise group and aerobic dance exercise group showed significant improvements. Finally, in respect of deep squat, active straight leg raise, rotary stability, total score of functional movement screen, aquatic exercise group showed significant improvements. Therefore, this study suggests that the aquatic exercise of considering resistance and environment in exercise is more effective for the improvement in functional movement and functional fitness of women in their 60's.

감각-운동 기능적 훈련이 중학교 남자 축구선수들의 체력과 기술 수행능력에 미치는 영향

이동욱 충북대학교 2016 국내석사

The Effect of Sensory-Motor Functional Training Program on Physical Fitness and Skill Performance in Soccer Players of Male Middle School Lee, Dong-Wook Department of Physical Education Graduate School, Chungbuk National University Cheongju, Korea Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Sensory-Motor Functional Training program for 10weeks on physical fitness(muscular strength, power, agility, balance) and skill performance(speed dribble, shooting accuracy) in male middle school soccer players. To achieve this purpose, a total of 26 male middle school soccer players, who have been trained by the professional soccer coach of N soccer club in C city, were divided into two groups, Sensory-Motor Functional Training(SMFT) group(n=13, 15.69±0.63yrs) and Traditional Training(TT) group(n=13, 15.69±0.63yrs). SMFT group participated in Sensory-Motor Functional Training for 80minutes after 10-minute warm-up and it is followed by cooling-down exercises for 10minutes. On the other hand, TT group took part in 80-minute Traditional Training program after warm-up for 10minutes and the group exercised to cool down at the end of the training session. Both of these 100-minute training programs were performed three times per week. During a pre-test and a post-test, in order to measure physical fitness, muscular strength was tested with one leg squat, power with standing high jump, agility with SEMO Agility Test, and balance with Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance. For skill performance, 20-meter speed dribble and shooting accuracy were tested. Each of these items were measured twice, and the highest measurement results were used to analyze. Collected information was analyzed by using SPSS PC Version 18.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized so as to compare and analyze the differences between the pre-test and the post-test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows: First, it was found that, in terms of physical fitness, there were interaction effects between the groups of subjects and the time of measurement in each physical fitness test item, that is, muscular strength(one leg squat)(p<.001), power(standing high jump)(p<.001), agility(SEMO Agility Test)(p<.001), and balance(Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance)(p<.001). As for skill performance, there was also an interaction effect both in 20-meter speed dribble(p<.033) and in shooting accuracy(p<.001). Therefore, physical fitness and skill performance were more significantly improved through Sensory-Motor Functional Training than through Traditional Training. In consequence, Sensory-Motor Functional Training for 10 weeks has a positive effect on improving physical fitness(muscular strength, power, agility, balance) and skill performance(speed dribble, shooting accuracy) in soccer players of male middle school. It is crucial for soccer players to have not only excellent skill performance but also great physical fitness, so that they can constantly enhance their own skills to become professional players. Hence, it is necessary to promote utilizing Sensory-Motor Functional Training for youth soccer players as an effective method of improving their physical fitness and skill performance. In addition, further research is needed to investigate the effect of Sensory-Motor Functional Training program on different sports between age groups.

요부 안정화운동이 리듬체조 선수의 요통지수, 요부근력과 균형에 미치는 영향

박선영 충북대학교 2015 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to offer basic data necessary for preventing a lumbar spinal injury in rhythmic gymnasts and for planning an efficient exercise program by verifying its effects on lumbago scale, lumbar muscular strength, and balance after carrying out the lumbar stabilization exercise for 8 weeks targeting rhythmic gymnasts. It classified the subjects into the lumbar stabilization exercise group(n=6) and the traditional exercise group(n=6) among 12 rhythmic gymnasts who suffer for lumbago and then conducted the experiment of lumbar stabilization exercise and abdominal muscles exercise 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The exercise time was set to be 1 hour to be carried out with warming-up for 10 minutes, main exercise for 40 minutes and finishing exercise for 10 minutes. The exercise intensity was implemented by establishing RPE 11 - 13(a little difficult) based on RPE(Rating of Perceived Exertion), which is a subjective judgment method. The variables such as body composition(skeletal muscle mass, body fat), fitness(flexibility, muscular strength, balance), lumbar isokinetic muscular strength(extension muscle power, flexion muscle power), lumbar balance and VAS(visual analogue scale) were measured before and after. All the materials were calculated the mean the standard deviation by using SPSS WIN 20.0 program. For the pre-homogeneity test between two groups, the independent sample t-test was carried out. To verify difference according to group and treatment period, repeated two-way ANOVA was conducted. All the statistical significant levels were set to be a=.05. The results of this study are as follows. First, the skeletal muscle mass out of the body composition was improved significantly in both the lumbar stabilization exercise group and the traditional exercise group. However, in case of body fat, there was no significant change in both groups. Second, the back muscle strength out of the fitness was indicated to have been significantly enhanced in both the lumbar stabilization exercise group and the traditional exercise group. Out of a change in balance, there was no significant change in both groups. Flexibility was shown to have been more significantly improved in the lumbar stabilization exercise group than the traditional exercise group. Third, the lumbar isokinetic muscular strength was shown to have been more significantly improved in the lumbar stabilization exercise group than the traditional exercise group. Fourth, the lumbar muscular balance was shown to have been more significantly in the traditional exercise group than the lumbar stabilization exercise group. Fifth, lumbago scale was decreased more significantly in the lumbar stabilization exercise group than the traditional exercise group. Synthesizing the above conclusions, this study could be known that the lumbar stabilization exercise group is more effective than the existing abdominal muscles exercise in the improvement of body composition(skeletal muscle mass) & fitness(flexibility), lumbar isokinetic muscular strength and in the reduction of low back pain owing to the 8-week lumbar stabilization exercise. However, to closely the clearer effect in light of what the subjective pain intensity doesn't completely disappear, it is considered to be necessary for carrying out training for more than 8 weeks.

청소년 운동 자기-도식과 신체활동 수준, 신체적 자기효능감 그리고 스트레스 간의 관계 분석과 모형 검증

서경원 충북대학교 2016 국내박사

The purpose of the study was to provide basic information for physical education teaching and excercise programing through Model Verification and Analysis of Relationship of how exercise self-schema level of adolescents affects their physical activity level, physical self-efficacy and stress. To achieve the study purpose, the subjects were selected as male and female students attending middle schools and high schools located in C city, first, for 200 students to explore the construct of exercise self-schema scale and for 20 students from middle and high schools to have an interview. Then, the first and the second preliminary surveys on physical self-efficacy of adolescents were conducted with 120 middle and high school students respectively. To verify reliability and validity on physical activity level and physical self-efficacy of adolescents, a preliminary survey was conducted with 134 students and the first and second ones were administered to a total of 906 students(463 from middle school, 443 from high school) on a 7 week basis respectively for the final scale. The tools for measuring physical self-efficacy of adolescents include: Physical Activity Questionnaire of Korean Adolescents(Hong Seung Yeon, 2006), Physical Self-efficacy Questionnaire(Seok Chang Hyuck, 2013), and Stress Questionnaire(Lee Kyung Sook, 2009), which were used by adapting and reconstructing. To analyze the study result, frequency analysis, independent sample t-test, and stepwise multiple regression were carried out using SPSS(ver, 23.0), and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were carried out using AMOS(ver, 23.0). Based on the research process and analysis results, the conclusions were as follows. The results of differences among exercise self-schema of adolescents, their physical activity, physical self-efficacy and stress based on the general characteristics revealed the following: First, male students showed higher levels of exercise self-schema in the behavioral-cognitive and affective factors than female students, middle school students in the behavioral-cognitive factor and high school students in the affective factor. Second, regarding physical activity level during the day time, male students showed higher levels than female students while female students spent more time sitting during the day than male students. More male students participated in day time walking than female students. Middle school students showed higher levels of day time physical activity and walking while middle school students showed more hours of sitting. Third, female students showed higher levels of physical self-efficacy in running, exercise participation, muscle strength, appearance, and body shape than male students; high school students showed higher levels in running, muscle strength, appearance, and body shape. Fourth, female students showed higher levels of adolescence stress in all of the physical symptoms, individual characteristics, and allergy than male students, showing no difference between tension and interpersonal sensitivity. Middle school students showed higher levels of tension and high school students the physical symptoms, individual characteristics, and allergy. The results of relationships among exercise self-schema of adolescents, their physical activity, physical self-efficacy and stress are as follows. First, it was revealed that exercise self-schema level of adolescents has a direct effect on their physical activity, not on time for sitting during the day. Second, it showed that exercise self-schema of adolescents and their physical self-efficacy have a meaningful effect on running, exercise participation, muscle strength, appearance, and body shape. Third, it also showed that their physical activity level has a meaningful effect on their self-efficacy in all the parts of running, exercise participation, muscle strength, appearance, and body shape. Fourth, the physical activity of adolescents, stress symptoms, individual characteristics, interpersonal sensitivity, and allergy have positive correlations, except tension. The results of relationship analysis and model verification of exercise self-schema of adolescents, their physical activity, physical self-efficacy and stress are as follows. First, to verify the research model, using structural equation model analysis, it was identified that the cognitive, behavioral-cognitive, and affective factors in exercise self-schema of adolescents have a direct effect on their physical activity, physical self-efficacy and stress. It also showed that the higher physical self-efficacy, the higher physical activity and day time walking level, interacting with day time physical activity and day time walking factors, and that the more day time sitting, the higher stress level, with day time sitting having a direct effect on stress. Second, the higher physical self-efficacy, the lower stress level and vice versa, which is seen when the physical self-efficacy level is high in running, exercise participation, muscle strength, body shape and appearance factors. Third, physical self-efficacy has a direct effect on physical activity, suggesting a correlation effect that the higher physical self-efficacy, the higher physical activity. Fourth, with physical activity level having a direct effect on stress factors, it showed a correlation effect that the higher physical activity level, the lower stress level and vice versa. Fifth, measurement items and factors among concepts turned out to be valid through research model analysis. Sixth, based on path coefficients among each factor, the hypothesis model presented in this study proved to be a suitable one and exerts total effect and direct and indirect effects among factors. Seventh, as a result of verifying research hypothesis presented in the path coefficient analyzing the suitability of the model through the first and second model verification process, this research model proves to be acceptable, suggesting that exercise self-schema level of adolescents has a close relationship with their physical activity, physical self-efficacy and stress and provide suitable data to encourage adolescents to participate in physical activities and constantly maintain them.

복합트레이닝이 초등학교 축구선수의 체력 및 슈팅 수행능력에 미치는 영향

김성재 충북대학교 2017 국내석사

The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of combined training (core-plyometric-elastic band) on elementary school soccer players’ physical fitness and shooting performance ability. For this, 20 soccer players from S Club were divided into a Combined Training (CT) group (10 players) and a General Training (GT) group (10 players), training was conducted 3 times a week for 8 weeks, and its effect on physical fitness (back strength, explosive strength, agility, flexibility, strength of lower extremity, muscle strength of ankle) and shooting performance ability (shooting speed, shooting accuracy) were compared and analyzed. All data were processed using SPSS WIN 20.0 Program to calculate the averages and standard deviations, and an independent sample t-test was conducted for preliminary homogeneity test among the research subjects. Also, Repeated Measurement ANOVA was performed to investigate the difference of physical fitness and shooting performance ability difference according to group (combined training and general training groups) and period (pre and post). If there was no interaction effect, paired t-test was carried out to see the difference within the group. Lastly, the statistical significance level was set as ɑ=.05. The research result is as follows: 1) After the 8-week training, back strength of the CT group significantly improved compared to the GT group. 2) After the 8-week training, explosive strength showed no significant difference between the CT group and the GT group. However, as for change within the group according to period, both groups showed statistically significant improvement. 3) After the 8-week training, agility of the CT group significantly improved compared to the GT group. 4) After the 8-week training, flexibility showed no significant difference between the CT group and the GT group. However, as for change within the group according to period, the CT group had significant improvement after training, while the GT group showed no significant change. 5) After the 8-week training, strength of lower extremity of the CT group significantly improved compared to the GT group. 6) After the 8-week training, the CT group showed significant improvement of functional ability of left and right ankle joint in side hop test and significant improvement of muscle strength of left and right ankle in hopping test compared to the GT group. 7) After the 8-week training, shooting speed of the CT group significantly improved compared to the GT group. 8) After the 8-week training, shooting accuracy showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, as for change within the group according to period, the CT group had significant improvement after training, while the GT group showed no significant change. In conclusion, the 8-week combined training of core-plyometric-elastic band had more positive effect on physical fitness (back strength, explosive strength, agility, flexibility, strength of lower extremity, functional ability of ankle joint) and shooting performance ability (speed, accuracy) than general training. Based on the result, combined training can be suggested as a training program to enhance elementary school soccer players’ physical strength and shooting performance ability effectively.